COPAR always believes that tool life (mold) is the key to a company’s bottom line and profitability. With the design and building stages complete, it is time to set the mold in the press and develop a process. Here are key press settings and essential preventative maintenance steps to improve mold life.
1- Tonnage
Verify that you are using adequate tonnage for each mold. If an operator uses excessive tonnage, the machine will apply excessive compression on parting lines, vent areas and mold components, damaging the tool.
To avoid these situations, use the following formula to determine the proper tonnage for each mold:
Cavity Area = Length x Width of mold face (in/2)
Parts Area (Pa) = Cavity Area × # of Cavities
Tonnage (T) = Parts Area × *(T) 3 tons/in2
(Note: thin-walled or high viscosity applications may require up to (T)5 tons/in2)
2- Low-pressure close
- Set up a low-pressure close (LPC) on the press to protect the mold.
- Set the high-pressure lock-up position no higher than 0.05 above the actual mold touch position.
- Cycle the mold to reduce LPC pressure until the mold does not lock up. Pressure rises slowly, allowing just enough pressure for the mold to transition from low-pressure to high-pressure lock up.
- Set the mold close timer to 0.5 secs above the actual mold close time requirement.
3- Core set up
Limit core pressures and speeds to the application’s requirements. Keep in mind that pressure can limit speed, but speed does not affect pressure set points. Fire cores based on position and not time to prevent crash conditions. Core operation affects cycle speed. Closely monitor core operation to identify signs that components are setting or pulling erratically.
4- Mold open and close
Clamp speeds are definite drivers of cycle time, but faster speeds are not better, as they can cause tool wear or damage. Monitor close fast speeds for signs of lunging that can cause mold drop and potential pin and component misalignment. Ensure the transition from close fast to close slow is smooth and that the close slow condition occurs just before component/pin match up. Ensure the transition between mold breakaway and mold open fast is also smooth, with the open fast segment occurring after all of the components have cleared the pins.
5- Ejection set up
Incorrect set points can endanger mold life through over-stroking or improper part ejection that causes parts to close up between mold halves. Base forward positions on the required amount of separation to properly remove parts from the mold. Over-stroking causes excessive strain on ejector pins and lifters. Part extraction should never require bottoming out the ejector plate. To reduce stress on ejection components, ensure pressure set points only use the required amount.
6- Hot runners and valve gates
Start up and shut down methods impact mold life. Poor start ups lead to over-packed cavities that require mold tear down and service. Before running parts, manually fire valve gates to verify proper set up and good working condition. Purge plastic through the hot runner drops to verify they are warm and ready for start-up. During hot runner shut down, run the barrel dry and immediately reduce hot runner temperatures to reduce the risk of degradation.
7- Mold watering
Increased mold temperatures can adversely affect mold life, so limit mold temperatures to minimum requirements for acceptable part aesthetics. Also, ensure that mold half temperatures do not exceed a 20ºF variance between the stationary and movable halves. Temperatures above this scope cause improper heat soak conditions and poor tool mating conditions that damage the tool. Mark circuits and supply and return requirements clearly to prevent incorrect mold installation.
8- Mold cleaning and care
Always inspect, clean and grease molds in production environments a minimum of once per shift. Watch for signs of wear, such as galling, parting line wear, bears and metal shaving. Develop a regular preventive maintenance schedule as mentioned in the previous article(Mold Maintenance – Doriane Copar), keep mold service records and review repetitive service/repair events to establish preventative maintenance frequencies that will help reduce unplanned service events.
Verify that slide slots are greased and that slides are functioning properly. Watch for signs of detent failure and loose gibs. Verify that slide positions are correct as you exit the mold after every cleaning and inspection. Use rust preventative when a mold will not be used for more than 6 hours, and coat textured and polished areas thoroughly to prevent rust damage.
The difference between the success and failure of a company’s tooling approach hinges upon its set up, implementation and maintenance procedures covered in this checklist.
All copy rights are reserved for mold making technology.